Advanced Fuzzy Logic for Enhanced Energy Management and MPPT in High-Performance Hybrid Renewable Microgrids

Renewable sources such as PV and WE are increasingly integrated into MGs, which rely on efficient EMSs and MPPT techniques for stable operation. This paper proposes an FLC-MPPT integrated within an EMS for a hybrid clean energy system comprising PV, WE, FC, battery, and EV units. The system architecture is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, with the FLC regulating power flow and maintaining DC bus stability through coordinated converter control. The proposed approach is compared with the conventional P&O algorithm under varying irradiance, shading, and load conditions. Simulation results show that the FLC-MPPT consistently achieves higher efficiency (up to 99.99%), faster response times (as low as 0.003 s), and significantly lower power losses (reduced from 6.975 W to 1 W at 1000 W/m²). During dynamic scenarios, including partial shading and a 50% load increase, the FLC maintains a stable DC voltage (275 V) with rapid recovery times of 9–13 s. Furthermore, THD remains below 1.52% across all operating conditions, indicating high power quality. Overall, the proposed FLC-based EMS enhances hydrogen utilization, system efficiency, and stability, demonstrating superior adaptability and precision over conventional methods for clean and reliable energy management in hybrid MG applications.